AP English Language and Composition

Rhetoric, argument, and analysis of nonfiction texts

Exam Format

Know the structure before you walk in.

Multiple Choice

Section I

45 questions (Reading + Writing), 60 minutes, 45% of score.
Tests rhetorical analysis and argumentation skills.

Free Response

Section II

3 essays (Synthesis, Rhetorical Analysis, Argument), 135 minutes, 55% of score.

Key Policies

Calculator & Materials

No calculator.
Total exam time: 3 hours 15 minutes.

Scoring

Scale 1–5

Approximately 10% of students score a 5.
Scores of 3+ typically earn college credit.

Units

Click any unit to access study guides, practice tests, flashcards, videos, and more.

Unit 1

Rhetorical Situation & Claims/Evidence

Rhetorical analysis, claims, evidence, and reasoning

Unit 2

Modes of Persuasion & Rhetorical Choices

Ethos, pathos, logos, and stylistic devices

Unit 3

Synthesis, Line of Reasoning & Cause/Effect

Synthesis essays, argumentation, and causal reasoning

Unit 4

Introductions, Conclusions & Definition

Essay structure, description, and compare/contrast

Unit 5

Body Paragraphs, Coherence & Transitions

Paragraph development, connotations, and tone

Unit 6

Bias, Synthesis & Tone

Source evaluation, argumentative synthesis, and rhetorical tone

Unit 7

Complexities, Grammar & Style

Syntax, diction, and grammatical conventions

Unit 8

Organization, Acceptance & Nonessentials

Parentheticals, dashes, and punctuation in argumentation

Unit 9

Counterarguments & Irony

Refutation, satire, and sophisticated rhetorical strategies

Course Resources

Everything you need to master AP English Language and Composition.

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Study Guide

Complete unit-by-unit breakdown with key concepts and formulas.

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Practice Test

Full-length timed exam with AP-style questions and scoring.

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Flashcards

Key terms and concepts in an easy-to-review format.

Study Cards
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Video Lessons

Step-by-step walkthroughs of the hardest topics.

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Cheat Sheet

One-page printable with all essential formulas and facts.

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